Healthcare in China

Medicinal services in China Presentation China is one of the most populated nations whereby socioeconomics demonstrated that there were about 1.351 billion individuals in 2012. It was likewise assessed that Chineses individuals have a future of roughly 79 years and a populace development pace of 0.5 percent per annum (Hannum Park, 2010).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Healthcare in China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The enormous populace, controlled development rate, and high future bring out a great deal of interest with respect to how the nation deals with its social insurance framework. It additionally raises concerns identifying with wellbeing status of the country’s enormous populace which could be one of the significant difficulties with regards to keeping up great wellbeing. This paper will consequently investigate the medicinal services of China as far as the general framework just as general wellbeing. Synopsis of the Healthcare Health Indica tors According to an examination directed in 2005, it was evaluated that the populace has a richness pace of 1.8 kids per lady (Hannum Park, 2010). It was additionally found that 25.3 babies kick the bucket during birth for each 1000 newborn children. Now, the administration submitted about 37.2 percent of open assets and use to human services. From an investigative point of view, it is clear that the legislature has been fit for keeping up high wellbeing guidelines in the nation. This depends on the premises that such scores are achieved in a nation with a huge populace when contrasted with nations like India. Medicinal services System The accessibility, availability, and capacities of human services experts decide the effectiveness of a wellbeing framework. Starting at 2005, the nation had 1.9 million doctors with the goal that the general rate was 1.5 experts per 1000 patients. In 2012, OECD noticed that this rate had been increasing persistently prompting a present pace of 1.9. The quantity of clinic beds per 1000 individuals has encountered a particular pattern. The rate was assessed at 3.6 in 2010 and expanded to 3.8 in 2011 in view of ideal change in accordance with the rising populace by the legislature. This shows how responsiveness of the specialists towards human services offices in agreement to the country’s populace. The legislature has additionally contributed intensely on the development of medical clinic in rustic and urban homes. It has stressed on reverting the social insurance offices to the minimized zones with the goal that the vast majority approach clinical administrations. Actually, it was the administration found that around a 100 million individuals who lived in rustic territories didn't approach human services services.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This prompted the origination of a program known as H ealthcare System Reform that expected to make the wellbeing administrations increasingly reasonable to them. The social insurance framework is additionally described by the mix of customary and western medication utilized for treatment. Qualities Professional Intellect China has been at the cutting edge of preparing exceptionally qualified experts, including medical attendants, specialists, and clinicians around the world. Actually, understudies from European, African and Asian nations have been looking to finish their therapeutic courses in China. The capability of Chineses preparing framework has gotten famous in the media discourses, however has likewise demonstrated its ability through training where patients frequently travel for medical procedures and other clinical administrations. During preparing, understudies experience an energetic program that fuses agreeable hypothetical understanding, functional work and research (Sorajjakool Carr, 2010). This infers understudies have the capacity of diagnosing convoluted illnesses and finding new prescriptions and ways to deal with treatment. Along these lines, the nation utilizes locally accessible HR to keep up elevated expectations in their social insurance frameworks as opposed to numerous nations that look for outside experts. Generally, utilizing experts from the nation become more affordable, and empower the legislature to occupy the extra assets, which could be required for compensation, to procure other clinical offices. Utilization of Local Medicine Chinese has been delivering customary medication for practically all sicknesses and analyses required by patients. This infers the vast majority of the prescriptions that are utilized in the nation are delivered locally while a little piece of it is imported from European nations, for example, USA (Yuan Bieber, 2011). The neighborhood creation of medication underpins accessibility of medication to the developing populace. Something else, if the nation was d epending on imported medication no one but, it could encounter a lethal shortfall and financial downturn when attempting to fulfill the population’s clinical requirements. Other than the part of adequacy, the customary Chinese medications have the limit and quality to contain numerous infections that represent a danger to human life. Indeed, this could be the resultant of the low death rate, high future, and decreased maternal mortality among different markers of health.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Healthcare in China explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Availability of Funds China has been rising financially to turn into the second-biggest economy in the advanced world. An examination that was directed by Gong (2012) demonstrated that the nation experienced 7.7 percent monetary development rate and achieved a GDP of $9.8 trillion. These insights show experimentally that the economy is fit for giving asset to advancement of a p rofoundly effective social insurance framework. Shortcomings The best shortcoming that has tested the Chinese medicinal services is irregularity of wellbeing offices between the towns and urban areas. It was noticed that the Chinese government put a great deal of accentuation on improving human services in created urban zones and ignored the underestimated ones. The human services offices were thought inside the urban areas while individuals living in the wide open were isolated. The social insurance change, which was begun in 2005, and named as New Rural Co-usable Medical Care System set out to change this condition with the goal that those individuals could be thought of. In spite of the fact that the change has flourished as far as offices, the rustic individuals have shown preservationist practices in regards to sex instruction, smoking and contraception (Chan, 2009). This conservativeness has prompted expanding instances of fetus removal in light of obstruction against sex inst ruction. Also, a great deal of men have rationed the smoking custom prompting expanded instances of throat malignant growth and passings. Answers for Weaknesses It is clear that the Chinese government has assumed its job comprehensively as to guaranteeing adequate accessibility of medication, openness of social insurance benefits, and qualified clinical experts. Moreover, it has focused on the medicinal services unevenness among country and urban zones by considering the NRCMCS program that tries to decentralize offices in underestimated zones (Saich Hu, 2012). Be that as it may, the conservativeness of the general population is the most testing issue undoubtedly. This suggests the administration, clinical professionals, and researchers should focus on urban instruction to make mindfulness on issues of smoking and contraception. This could take out the peril of making a human services framework that is created as far as offices while abandoning the general population. End It is clea r that the Chinese medicinal services has grown significantly with regards to offices, experts and astuteness. Be that as it may, people in general has been monitored the greater part of the conventional belief systems and practices that block great wellbeing (Chan, 2009). Thus, the intrigued work force and elements should focus on municipal instruction to bring issues to light about those issues.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More References Chan, Z. (2009). Medical problems in Chinese Contexts. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers. Gong, G. (2012). Contemporary Chinese Economy. London: Routledge. Hannum, E., Park, H. (2010). Globalization, Changing Demographics, and Educational Challenges in East Asia. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Saich, T., Hu, B. (2012). Chinese Village, Global Market: New Collectives and Rural Development. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Sorajjakool, S., Carr, M. (2010). World Religions for Healthcare Professionals. New York: Routledge. Yuan, C., Bieber, E. (2011). Conventional Chinese Medicine. Sin: Informal Healthcare.

Kamdhenu Dairy Case free essay sample

Case Analysis: â€Å"Kamdhenu Dairy† Decision Analysis I PGP1 Section B Group 4 Group Members AMARENDRA SAHOO PGP2011533 BHAWNA GOKANI PGP2011595 CHATARKAR ANURAG MAHADE PGP2011600 C. LALRUATSANGA 2011FPM06 RUPSA CHAKRAVARTY PGP2011837 SAARANG K. MEHTA PGP2011841 UTKARSH SINGH PGP2011923 Case Analysis †Kamdhenu Dairy (A) Decision Variables Let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x11, x12 be the 12 mixes of Main and By-Products as given in the table. Table 1: Decision Variables Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Product Mix (Variables) FA Milk + Butter (x1) FA Milk + Ghee (x2) SMP + Butter (x3) SMP + Ghee (x4) WMP + Butter (x5) WMP + Ghee (x6) Baby Food + Butter (x7) Baby Food + Ghee (x8) Cheese + Butter (x9) Cheese + Ghee (x10) Std Milk + Butter (x11) Std Milk + ghee (x12) For this situation our Objective is to boost the Contribution (Z) as given in the table Z = Total Revenue †Total Direct Cost Total Direct Cost = Milk Cost + Processing and Packaging Cost All out Revenue = Revenue from Main Product + Revenue from By-item Revenue from Main Product = Revenue per unit Main Product (from Exhibit 3) * Quantity of Main Product Revenue from By-Product = Revenue per unit By-Product * Quantity of By-Product Since Ghee are delivered from Butter beats we should change over the Ghee into Corresponding Butter Units so requirement for Butter is thought about. We will compose a custom article test on Kamdhenu Dairy Case or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Question 2. a Case 1: Summer without contract Table 2: Constraints are as given in the accompanying table Constraints Limiting qualities F. A Milk Butter Constraint Total SMP Total WMP SMP (x3)*813 + SMP from (x4)*813 +WMP (x5)*1179 + WMP(x6)*1179

File Reading, Part V - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

File Reading, Part V - UGA Undergraduate Admissions File Reading, Part V The fifth part of the review is already known to most everyone, but I will go ahead and share it with you. In this section, we are looking at an applicants academic progress over the 3-3.5 years of high school where we have grades, looking at both the overall picture and the grade trends. When we look at a students transcript, we are trying to understand how a student has progressed over their 3+ years in high school. Have they been consistently strong throughout the years, did they start slow and then jump up to all As, did they have a tough time in a specific subject, are all their Bs low or high Bs, etc. We then use this in combination with the other factors impacting their life, from family issues that occurred where we saw a dip in grades to how a student did once they got into a specific AP course. If a student made a D in Geometry in 10th grade, did they bounce back from it or keep on a downward trend. All of these factors help us understand the overall picture that the transcript gives us. Three quick warnings/notes on grades: First, we are only looking at core academic work, not PE, Health, Drivers Ed, etc. While your high school may put these classes into your overall GPA, we are not focusing on these course grades. Second, we focus on grades, not on the GPA or rank that is on your transcript. We are looking at how you have done each term in your academic classes, and so when I talk about this area, I try to talk about actual grades. Third, growth in one term, especially the first semester of your senior year, does not count as a trend. If you have Bs and Cs for three years, then suddenly wake up and start making As, we look at this, but it is not a grade trend, this is a grade spike. A trend is a relatively constant movement, while a spike is a sudden shift. If you have a grade spike (hopefully upwards), I am wondering why you did not make this jump earlier. That is the end of Part V, and I am amazed that I was able to keep it so brief! Go Dawgs!

Police Brutality Why Essay - 2398 Words

Police Brutality: Why? Throughout history, there has been very few careers that require such a high degree of an ethical standard such as the one required for law enforcement. There is, however, a multitude of careers that require the dedication and heart such as required for a police member. Where this dedication and heart differs relies solely on the difference in the job. Officers are required to be aware of their surroundings nearly all the time as if something were to happen they would be required to navigate through the situation successfully. Somebody such as a CEO for a multimillion dollar company would not require this same quality due to the fact it is not part of their job description and the only individual that he/she needs to be worried about is themselves. However, in today’s society, and with media being an ever growing aspect, some police officers have decided on their own personal way to handle justice. So unfortunately, this small percentage of police contra ct a huge amount of negative eyes to the profession. This small number of individuals bring a negative view to the police department as a whole and for this cause an issue in the public’s eye. Regardless of what many individuals believe, many of the police officers decide on the ethical side of the job and are hardworking professionals who seek out to just serve the public. However, being an African American male myself the main issue I have and want to combat is the punishment officers should face ifShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Why Is It Important Right Now? Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction What is police brutality and why is it important right now? Police brutality is the use of excessive force carried out by a law enforcement official. Lately, various incidents of police brutality have surfaced in the news, but this is nothing new. Past incidents including the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri brought serious social issues to the frontlines. Michael Brown was an unarmed black teenager who was shot and killed by a white male. Other incidents include the deathRead MoreDr. Wolfe s Sociological Training910 Words   |  4 Pages1. In Dr. Wolfe’s statement on the recent events that have taken place in Baltimore he talks about police brutality, crime, racism, and inequality. Dr. Wolfe’s sociological training affects the way he looks at these events. In his statement he talks about how police brutality is not just happening among â€Å"a few bad apples† but instead how it is a systemic issue. He may be right but he also may be wrong. Dr. Wolf e is trained to study race, the criminal justice system and the relationship between bothRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MorePolice Misconduct and Police Brutality985 Words   |  4 Pages We hear about police misconduct case and wonder, Why don’t they do anything to stop this? Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because theirRead MorePolice Brutality And Crime Brutality833 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians (What Is Police Brutality?). Recently, there have been a surplus of incidents involving police brutality. Cases like Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Tamir Rice are examples of police brutality. All three of these victims ended up dead at the hands of police. Statistics show that, just this year alone, 1,013 Americans have been killed by cops (Cop Crisis). Social mediaRead MoreWithin The Past Few Years, Incidents Involving Many Deaths1501 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans and police officers have been broadcasted across the media. A large portion of these incidents result in protest and advocation against police brutality. There are a wide range of feelings and viewpoints people care to discuss concerning the topic of police brutality. 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Things such as unjustified shootings, deadly chokings, and rough treatment have all added to the constant problem of police brutality in the black community. Annoyingly, the police officers responsible for the killings and abuse are not held for long before they are discharged to their normal routines. Since many pe ople believe that the issues of police brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1286 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality continues to be one of the most serious and contentious violations of human rights in the United States. The unreasonable amount of force used by police officers prevails because of a lack of accountability. This makes it feasible for officers who do violate human rights to get off clean and recommit the violation. A sad fact is that police and/or public officials deny time after time any claims of human rights violations, claiming it was an abnormality, when they should be takingRead MorePolice Brutality Has Increased Throughout The United States Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality has increased rapidly over the past few years. In fact, 19.4 percent of cases between officers and suspects tend to tie into police brutality. It takes men and women 21 weeks to train and graduate as a police officer. These same people take an oath to en sure they will never use their badge for harm, but now the trust that the citizens have with the police are depleting. Police brutality has increased throughout the United States and research shows that race of suspects contribute

Customer Driven Organization Essay - 648 Words

THESIS SENTENCE A customer driven organization with detailed customer relations can result in optimal effectiveness and efficiency in the workplace. FORMAL OUTLINE I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Maintaining an effective environment through a customer driven organization A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Empowerment – the ability to help people use their powers and truest potentials to extend themselves, rather than restricting themselves. 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Involvement of the employees Staff Development via in-house training a.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Technical – train in the specifics of a particular job b.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Quality – training in the principles of total quality combined with technical†¦show more content†¦1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Implementation 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Checks and Balances 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Continuous Improvements II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Successful Customer Relations A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Current and future customer needs B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Customer requirements C.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Customer feedback D.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Exceeding customer expectation – under promise and over deliver E.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Commitment and attention to detail Developing people Helping individuals to achieve their potential is in the best interest of the person, as well as in the best interest of an organization. Proactive people will actively seek opportunities and make things happen. Fully involved people will be innovative and creative in furthering the organizations objectives. It is beneficial for the organization when people are satisfied with their job and are actively involved in their personal growth and development. Aim to train, encourage and provide opportunities for willing people. Make training the last thing your company cuts back, never the first. Try to allocate a percentage of revenues to train employees. Provide training that is specific to improve current performance, general to provide wider skills and advance to prepareShow MoreRelatedA Customer Driven Organization Is The Most Important Mission And Purpose Of Every Business1242 Words   |  5 PagesA customer driven organization is one that listens to its customers and integrates customers into its business by providing customer focused solutions. 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It will also outlineRead MoreBusiness Model Canvas : A Coherent Framework760 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Canvas contains nine relevance building blocks include value proposition, customer segments, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key partners, key activities and cost structure from the creation of the product and service. Those nine categories can be classified into four main groups consist of product (value propositions), customer interface (customer segments, channels, and customer relationships), infrastructure management (key resources, key activities, and key

US Military Scandal Free Essays

Weber Miscarried University In today’s world a topic that is becoming more popular by numerous infamous scandals is that of business ethics. With companies and businesses alike now realizing that their consumers care about how the operations work in the company can affect their sales they are becoming more aware of how to run operations ethically. Although it is every groups goal to run plans ethically there are still many instances in which they fall short of this bar, whether it be because of greedy influences or being unaware of the laws it is a dilemma that must be approached wisely and handle with care. We will write a custom essay sample on US Military Scandal or any similar topic only for you Order Now While most scandals involve a corporation or business while scanning the Internet I came across one that really caught my attention, a scandal within the US Military about cheating on tests, drug use, and the mishandling of missiles. First news broke about this scandal in early January when the Air Force reported its open investigation of unknown exam cheating and scandals involving multiple officers in charge of our country nuclear forces. This recent scandal is one that was roughs to attention after the Air Force was investigating a non-related drug scandal at 6 other bases. This should come as a great concern to all people living in the US, for these are the generals and officers who are responsible for controlling the 450 nuclear missiles and fate of our country. When further looked into it was found that 34 officers, all high class lieutenants or captains, were somehow involved in this scandal, some who were either caught cheating on the monthly proficiency tests or those that were aware of what was going on and did not report the actions. Along tit these accusations it was made clear by Air Force officials that two of the suspected officers also had relations regarding illegal drug use with an officer from an air base in Wyoming. Being one of the most structured and toughest parts of the defense forces to get into the Air Force is not taking this situation lightly as nuclear launch officers have no room for error handling such dangerous and destructive weapons. ‘The root of all this madness is still unknown but there has been one major discharge of a commander from the Base at Minot because it was seen that there as a â€Å"loss of confidence† in his leadership skills as well as the firing of a commander in charge of training missile crews after a large number of launch officers did poorly on tests. This is not the first scandal that the Air Force has faced after an incident in 2008 where the past secretary of defense Robert M. Gates fired a top general and civilian leader after a crew made a cross-country Journey unaware that 6 missiles on board were armed with nuclear warheads. The major dilemma in all this is these people are supposed to be the ones we as citizens look up to and protect our country et when we read news like this it really hinders our idea of what safety really is. With such difficult guidelines, laws, and requirements it is amazing that such a scandal would be present in an area as important as the protection and well being of the United States as a country, but also goes to show that scandals and dilemmas are present in every aspect of this world no matter what the subject at hand. US Defense Secretary Chuck Haggle has not taken lightly to this situation as he explained that he is â€Å"deeply troubled† by the slue of military scandals in recent months (Talisman, 2014). In January when becoming fully aware of all the problems inside the Air Force and military as a whole Haggle forced a review of operations which also included the Navy. In shear numbers 30 senior instructors have been accused of sharing answer sheets to nuclear qualification tests and 1,200 Navy soldiers, 200 of which were officers, took part in a long-term scheme involving fraudulent recruiting in order to collect roughly $100 million in promised recruiting payments (Talisman, 2014). Hazel’s biggest worry is that none of this is by accident and is all a result of unethical behavior by people in uniform†. He along with many others believe that this is an issue that should be put on the top of the list and needs close attention and although it only involves a small number of those in service it is a matter of integrity that he wishes the forces can maintain regardless of those few who disobeyed the law. I felt that this issue was handled greatly and will continue to be throughout the rest of the investigation. Haggle understands the importance of the well being of the country and is not going to let this be something that could be the season for our downfall. Although investigations may take more than a year to complete I trust the decision of the Secretary of Defense as he made if the first problem to be addressed when regarding the military. If this were the situation for a company or business I think that they would have handled it the exact same way, firstly be removing those that were involved or believed to be involved in the problem. Second course of action would be getting down to the bottom of the problem and finding the source, which were ultimately the loosely supervised exams restored by senior leaders and lieutenants. After finding who was to blame for these faults it became evident that those people were to be interviewed immensely for why they took the course of actions they did. A document regarding this even went as far as saying that the â€Å"group testing† was viewed as â€Å"taking care of each other† and easing the pressure as the officers felt they needed a perfect score on the exams (Burns, 2014). So in the end I think this is being handled effectively and that it should have been done in no other manner. Although it is evident that this can instill a lot of fear in the eyes of those who live in this great country the military wanted to make it apparent that there was no evidence that the recent problems lead to mishandling of nuclear weapons or Jeopardized any citizens safety. Following this event it will be interesting to see how it progresses as the investigation continues with the interviewing of many officers and those involved in the scandal. Being that the scandal involves nuclear weapons I am curious to see if there will be any new laws or regulations that will be put in place during such vents such as exams and testing. How to cite US Military Scandal, Papers

L1 and L2 Glosses in Vocabulary Retention and Memorisation

Introduction It cannot be denied that developing a rich vocabulary is a particularly important aspect of studying a foreign language (L2). At the same time, it is an admittedly difficult task, which prompted researchers to search for effective ways of solving this problem. One of such solutions is the usage of glosses in the process of reading (Cheng Good 2009; Yoshii 2014; Zhao and Guo 2012).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on L1 and L2 Glosses in Vocabulary Retention and Memorisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Moazzeni et al. (2014, p. 396), reading provides students with a cultural input and glosses help them to remember new words, which enhances the effectiveness of the activity. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to prove the usefulness of glosses for studying English as a foreign language. This paper is devoted to reviewing some of them. Literature Review Definition of Gloss Glosses (metanotes, metatext, paratext) are the â€Å"brief definitions or explanations which are most often supplied for â€Å"unfamiliar† words in a text† (Moazzeni et al. 2014, p. 398). Such notes may appear in the margin or as footnotes and may provide only the definition or include related meanings along with antonyms in order to facilitate the understanding of the word they describe (Yoshii 2014; Moazzeni et al. 2014). Glosses â€Å"enhance general comprehension, improve vocabulary retention, and save students’ time and effort in reading L2 texts† (Moazzeni et al. 2014, p. 399). The following advantages of glosses are usually highlighted: they enable students to read complex texts without interruptions that searching the dictionaries requires; they draw learners’ attention to the words explained facilitating the process of remembering them (Yousefi and Biria 2015). Studies Devoted to Gloss Use The impact of glosses usage on the perform ance of the learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) has been researched in numerous studies. For the study of Azari (2012, p. 75), 76 EFL learners were divided into groups and provided with marginal Persian (which was their native language, L1) and English (L2) glossaries in order to determine the impact of their usage on the learning process. It turned out that the students’ overall performance did not improve significantly. Most students who participated in the test expressed their willingness to work with the glossaries and preferred those that combined both L1 and L2. The author intends to investigate the matter further in order to attain more general and universal data. Cheng and Good (2009, p. 120) conducted a research for glossaries in Chinese and English with 135 participants who had different proficiency levels, finding out that L1 glossaries assisted the students in remembering new words and improved their knowledge. The variety of tests used by the authors included 2 delayed tests, and it was discovered that the participants’ performance was worse during the first one but improved by the second one.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The proficiency level of participants turned out to influence their ability to benefit from glossaries. The authors intend to further research the matter with a larger group of students.  Soureshjani and Riahipour (2012) researched the results of glosses use among Persian English language learners with the help of TOEFL tests. According to their results, glossing had a positive impact of students’ performance, including their reading comprehension. Besides, it was found out that L1 glossaries were more beneficial than L2 ones. The authors suggest further researching the topic, paying attention to the proficiency level of the participants.  In the study by Moazzeni et al. (2014) t he impact of different gloss types on the learning process of Iranian students was researched. According to the results, any kind of glosses improved the performance of the participants. Another study that showed the effectiveness of gloss use was performed by Yoshii (2014, p. 20) among the students of 39 Japan universities, and it involved researching both in-text and footnote glossaries.  Zhao and Guo (2012, p. 54) performed a test among 82 Chinese EFL learners. The positive impact of glosses usage turned out to be short-lived and the new words did not enter the productive vocabulary of the participants. However, the authors also found out that glosses were more useful and effective than dictionaries from the point of view of vocabulary improvement since glosses are more convenient to use.  Yousefi and Biria (2015) compare marginal and endnotes glosses with the help of two groups of Iranian EFL learners of similar proficiency knowledge. Endnote glossing was pronounced as an ef fective way of enhancing the students’ results during both the immediate and delayed tests while the marginal gloss was described as less effective for the reason of being less convenient. Zarei and Sepahian (2015, p. 30) have conducted a test devoted to several types of vocabulary comprehension improvement techniques including glosses and involving 175 EFL Iranian learners. According to their results, L1 glosses are more useful and effective than L2 glosses. Still, the authors did not notice a significant performance difference between the group that used glosses and the one that did not. Conclusion Although the results of the two of the mentioned studies appear to indicate that the usage of glosses does not necessarily improve vocabulary memorisation and retention among EFL learners, the rest of the investigations contradict such a conclusion.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on L1 and L2 Glosses in Vocabulary Retention and Memorisation specifi cally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, different types of glosses appear to have different impacts on the studies of the participants of the test, as several authors emphasize that endnote glosses are more convenient and, therefore, more effective. The proficiency level of participants seems to determine their ability to use glosses effectively. As the researchers point out, there is still room for further investigation in this respect. Still, the analysed data proves that the usage of glosses may have a positive impact on the process of EFL learning. Reference List Azari, F 2012, ‘Gloss Or No Gloss? EFL Learners’ Preference’, American International Journal of Social Science, vol.1, no. 2, pp. 75-85. Cheng, Y-H Good, R L 2009, ‘L1 Glosses: Effects On EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension And Vocabulary Retention’, Reading in a Foreign Language, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 119–142. Moazzeni, Zh , Bagheri, M, Sadighi F Zamanian, M 2014, ‘The Effect Of Different Gloss Types On Incidental Vocabulary Retention Of Iranian EFL Students’, International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 396-415. Soureshjani, K Riahipour P 2012, ‘On The Impact Of Lexical Glossing On Receptive Skills Of EFL Learners’, World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 502-509. Yoshii, M 2014, ‘Effects Of Glosses And Reviewing Of Glossed Words On L2 Vocabulary Learning Through Reading’, Vocabulary Learning and Instruction vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 19-30.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yousefi, M Biria R 2015, ‘Incidental L2 Vocabulary Learning And Retention; Types Of Glossing: Marginal Glosses Vs. Endnotes’, International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-56. Zarei, A Sepahian S 2015, ‘The Effects Of Explicit And Implicit Instructional Techniques (Glossing Semantic Mapping, And Imagery) On L2 Vocabulary Comprehension And Production’, Academie Royale des Sciences Ð ² Outre-Mer Bulletin des Seances, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 30-40. Zhao A Guo Y 2012, ‘The Effect Of Four Enhancement Techniques On Second Language (L2) Vocabulary Acquisition Through Reading’, Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 48–68. This critical writing on L1 and L2 Glosses in Vocabulary Retention and Memorisation was written and submitted by user BruceBanner to help you with your own studies. 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